Changes in the way that patient care is delivered are beginning to have a major impact on the way that diagnostic services are provided. Analytical scientists and industry are responding to this need with an innovative array of devices that can be employed at the point of care. There are several situations in which a rapid response to a diagnostic question is required and evidence is now becoming available to indicate that both clinical and operational benefits can be achieved. However, the success of point of care testing will depend on proper organisation and management as an adjunct to a central laboratory service, the latter providing a reference point and appropriate support.