Abstract Certain general assumptions made by archaeologists as to the organization of metalwork production are examined, with particular reference to the European Bronze Age. Alternative models to those generally accepted for the trade in raw materials, the position and status of the smith in society, and forms of industrial organization are proposed and the influence of factors such as increased specialization and trade are discussed. Finally, attention is drawn to the dangers of using differences in metalwork to support the definition of chronological and cultural distinctions without the application of adequate checks derived from the rest of the material culture.