AbstractDevelopment times and mortality factors were investigated for populations of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) occurring in natural temporary ground pools in southeastern Brazil. Analysis of life tables by the key-factor method showed that mortality caused by desiccation of breeding sites was the principal factor accounting for fluctuations in population sizes throughout the study period. For cohorts that completed development, mortality attributed to predation by aquatic insects ranged from 68 to 96% and was the most important cause of death. In these cohorts, final population size was determined by the high mortality rates that occurred during the fourth larval instar and pupal stages; however, the key-factor best accounting for the population fluctuations was predation of fourth instar larvae. The short mean time of 7.1 days for synchronous development of the larvae and the lack of evidence of density-dependent mortality suggested that the A. scapularis populations were not strongly regulated and can attain relatively high densities.