Goats adapt well to different conditions, being particularly suited to tough environments, where they do better than sheep and cattle. The adaptive ability of goats is mainly due to: (i) their feeding behaviour, characterized by highly selective feeding and good digestibility of high-fibre forages; and (ii) their optimal ability to store and mobilize body reserves. Appropriate storage and mobilization of body reserves by goats is crucial for their health and productive success, and varies with breed, feeding regime, length of lactation and environmental seasonal pattern. For a good understanding of energy metabolism disorders in goats, knowledge of the physiology of this particular species is required. For example, the activation of seasonal physiological strategies, starting from the central nervous system and reaching peripheral tissue metabolism, is known to be involved in the adaptation of goats to different environmental conditions.In this chapter, the disorders of energy metabolism in goats are dealt with by: (i) discussing the physiology of seasonal mammals; and (ii) describing the most important pathologies and their therapies.