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Pinched hysteresis loop and internal bias field in Ba4(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)2Ti4Nb6O30 tungsten bronze ceramics

Authors: Ying Wang; Xiao Li Zhu; Shu Ya Wu; Xiao Qiang Liu; Xiang Ming Chen;

Pinched hysteresis loop and internal bias field in Ba4(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)2Ti4Nb6O30 tungsten bronze ceramics

Abstract

A-site high entropy Ba4(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)2Ti4Nb6O30 tungsten bronze ceramics were designed and prepared by a standard solid state sintering process. First-order ferroelectric transition occurs around 240 °C on heating, while around 136 °C on cooling. Pinched and asymmetric P–E hysteresis loops were observed within and below the thermal hysteresis temperature range of the ferroelectric transition. Pinched P–E hysteresis loops were attributed to the coupling between the ferroelectric transition and the commensurate/incommensurate modulation transition. The reason for the asymmetry of the hysteresis loop was the presence of an internal bias electric field. Different measuring procedures were designed to clarify the evolution of hysteresis loop asymmetry. The existence of oxygen vacancy and Eu3+/Eu2+ was identified by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The electric field cycling with elevated temperatures caused defect dipoles incline to align along the direction of spontaneous polarization leading to the internal bias electric field. Due to the A-site high entropy effect, dielectric strength of Ba4(La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Y0.2)2Ti4Nb6O30 ceramics is up to 300 kV/cm, which is increased by more than 50% than that with the single element in the A1-site.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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