
A numerical study of the space-charge sheath adjacent to the nozzle wall of a cutting torch is presented. The hydrodynamic model corresponds to a collision-dominated sheath and does not assume cold ions, so drift-diffusion-type equations are used. Also an improved expression for the ion-neutral momentum transfer is employed rather than the usual constant ion-mean-free-path or constant ion collision frequency approximations. Assuming a constant electron temperature in the sheath and neglecting the electron inertial term, the continuity and momentum equations for ions and electrons, together with Poisson’s equation, were solved for the electric potential, ion velocities (both normal and tangential components), and for the ion and electron densities. It was found that both the ion and electron densities present a sudden drop at the sheath-plasma edge. The ion density continues to decrease slowly inside the sheath, while the electron density presents a virtually zero value everywhere inside the sheath, the electron thermal conduction flux to the nozzle wall being negligible. These wall results thus become thermally isolated in spite of the high electron temperature in its adjacency. For a nozzle biasing voltage close to the gas breakdown, it was found that the electric field value is high, reaching a value of about 9×106 V m−1 at the exit of the nozzle wall. This value is higher than the average field value across the sheath and is on the order of the breakdown threshold value. This means that an undesired sheath breakdown could occur at the vicinities of the nozzle exit even if the average electric field across the sheath is not strong enough.
Organic chemistry, Physics of Vacuum Arcs and Thermal Plasmas, Poisson equation, Zero values, Plasma Physics and Technology in Semiconductor Industry, Plasma, Engineering, Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing and Nanoparticle Encapsulation, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3, Electric field, Thermal conduction, Mean-free path, CUTTING TORCH, Nozzle, Physics, Cold ions, Plasma turbulence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Poisson's equation, Electric potential, Chemistry, Ion collisions, Physical Sciences, Debye sheath, NOZZLE, Thermodynamics, Nozzle wall, Carrier concentration, Electron density measurement, Breakdown threshold, Space-charge sheath, Electric fields, Momentum equation, Cutting torch, BOUNDARY LAYER, Electron, Quantum mechanics, Space charge, Atomic physics, Fluid dynamics, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electron densities, Ion density, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ion, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, Drift diffusion, Electron temperature, Ions, Nozzles, Electrode Erosion, Ion Energy Distribution, Gas breakdown, Ion velocity, Nozzle exits, Space charges, Numerical studies, Physics and Astronomy, Average field, Tangential components, Plasma edges, Hydrodynamic model, Biasing voltages
Organic chemistry, Physics of Vacuum Arcs and Thermal Plasmas, Poisson equation, Zero values, Plasma Physics and Technology in Semiconductor Industry, Plasma, Engineering, Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing and Nanoparticle Encapsulation, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3, Electric field, Thermal conduction, Mean-free path, CUTTING TORCH, Nozzle, Physics, Cold ions, Plasma turbulence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Poisson's equation, Electric potential, Chemistry, Ion collisions, Physical Sciences, Debye sheath, NOZZLE, Thermodynamics, Nozzle wall, Carrier concentration, Electron density measurement, Breakdown threshold, Space-charge sheath, Electric fields, Momentum equation, Cutting torch, BOUNDARY LAYER, Electron, Quantum mechanics, Space charge, Atomic physics, Fluid dynamics, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electron densities, Ion density, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ion, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, Drift diffusion, Electron temperature, Ions, Nozzles, Electrode Erosion, Ion Energy Distribution, Gas breakdown, Ion velocity, Nozzle exits, Space charges, Numerical studies, Physics and Astronomy, Average field, Tangential components, Plasma edges, Hydrodynamic model, Biasing voltages
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 7 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
