MoS2 with intercalated primary amines was synthesized and structurally characterized. The interlaminar distance of the MoS2 was found to increase from 0.6 nm to 5.1 nm for hexadecylamine. Hydrothermal treatment of these nanocomposites yields nanoparticles. Among them are nanotubes and nanofibres with inner diameters of 100–25 nm and a length ranging 2–12 μm. A first growth mechanism for these tubes and fibers is proposed.