Studies of gender inequality have usually focused on income, employment and education. This study, drawing on individual-level asset data for Ecuador, Ghana, and Karnataka, India, analyses the patterns of asset ownership between men and women. The gender gaps in assets and wealth differ from country to country depending on the type of asset examined, but generally favour men. In Ghana and Karnataka not only are women less likely to own assets, but they generally own assets that are less valuable, leading to a large gender wealth gap in favour of men. In Ecuador, where joint ownership of property acquired during marriage is the norm, the gender wealth gap is minimal. This study suggests that data on asset ownership is a useful measure of gender inequality and should be collected on a regular basis.