Terrorism, as previously established, can be directed against both innocents and non-innocents. In the following, I explicate both the conceptual and the moral distinction between innocents and non-innocents. This distinction is fundamental to my enquiry into the moral status of terrorism in Chapters 4–6, which examines the question of whether killing in the course of a terrorist act or campaign — when targeting both innocents and non-innocents — can be morally justifiable. Whether or not the targets of terrorist violence are innocents willturn out to be decisive for the moral evaluation of terrorist acts.