A 54-year-old man with a 3-year history of IgG myeloma, complicated by hypercalcemia, who was being treated with dexamethasone, lenalidomide, filgrastim, darbepoetin alfa, and pamidronate, presented with a 1-month history of severe bilateral jaw pain. He had no known bone involvement from his myeloma, nor did he recall any specific trauma to his jaw. Clinical examination revealed areas of exposed bone 1 to 1.5 cm in length with surrounding erythema on the posterior lingual mandible bilaterally (Panel A, lesion on the left mylohyoid ridge). A diagnosis of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw was made, and pamidronate, which he had been . . .