THE appreciation of renal-artery lesions as a cause of systemic hypertension began with the work of Goldblatt et al.1 in 1934. This experimental finding was immediately implicated in human hypertension with overenthusiasm and eventual disillusionment by many workers in the field. Although many nephrectomies were performed for presumably unilateral renal-artery disease only an occasional cure of systemic hypertension was reported. It now appears that the primary reason for the high failure rate of nephrectomy in these early reports was the inability to make an accurate diagnosis of renal-artery disease. The development of aortography described originally by dos Santos and his . . .