The long-term outcome of patients with stage III melanoma - that is, melanoma that has spread to nearby lymph nodes, lymphatics, or skin - who have received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors is of substantial interest. The article by Eggermont et al.1 published in this issue of NEJM Evidence reports 5-year outcomes from the stage III melanoma trial, KEYNOTE-054, which compared pembrolizumab (anti-programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1]) with placebo. The data show durable recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS).