Although diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been replaced in many fields by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), considerable amounts of research are still ongoing. Major fields of interest include ways of reducing the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, new ways of improving the yield of tissue sampling, and the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. In addition, there are new data comparing the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP with that of MRCP and endoscopic ultrasonography.