Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), esterification products of fatty acids and ethanol, have been shown to be mediators of ethanol-induced cell injury and their presence in the blood and tissues is a marker of ethanol intake. Recently, it has been shown that FAEE are produced within seconds of infusion of ethanol into the heart, when using a protocol similar to that used for myocardial ablation. This raises the possibility that the mechanism for the death of myocytes in cardiac ablation involves the generation of toxic FAEE. It has also been recently demonstrated that chronic alcoholics have a high concentration of a specific FAEE species--ethyl oleate. The use of the serum ethyl oleate concentration may be helpful in differentiating binge drinkers from chronic alcoholics.