The treatment of serious drug or chemical poisoning relies mostly on the use of standard intensive care measures. Supplementation of intensive care with dialysis and hemoperfusion may be necessary at times to remove the intoxicant in seriously ill patients. Factors governing drug and chemical removal by dialysis and hemoperfusion are discussed, and guidelines given when to employ these techniques. Tables of drugs removed by both techniques are given for guidance. These tables will be updated regularly on the Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy website.