Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension has emerged as one of the leading causes of severe pulmonary hypertension. This disease is estimated to occur in approximately 1 to 5% of all patients who have previously developed an acute pulmonary embolism, although the true prevalence is suspected to be much higher. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is characterized by intraluminal thrombus organization, fibrous stenosis, and vascular remodeling of pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary endarterectomy is an operation that is considered curative for thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and is therefore superior to transplantation for this condition. This article focuses on the surgical outcomes of patients undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and discusses the currently known factors that affect survival after this operation.