In this chapter, we describe a cognitive radar that mimics the visual brain [1]. Although the visual brain and radar are different in that the visual brain does not transmit a probing signal to the environment, while the active radar greatly relies on the probing signal it transmits to the environment; nevertheless, both of them are observers of the surrounding environment. As such, there is much that we can learn from the visual brain in building a new generation of cognitive radars that outperform traditional radars. In this chapter, we confine the discussion, in both analytic and experimental terms, to cognitive radar aimed at target tracking.