The paper introduces the development of standards for C -ITS, often programmatically referred to in North America as 'connected vehicles'. In addition, the chapter also discusses C -ITS implementation. Regarding standards, this section references a number of Standards Development Organizations (SD0s). These include the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), International Standards Organization (ISO), Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN), and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The focus areas presented here relate to wireless (also frequently referred to as 'over -the -air') mobile communications including Vehicle -to -Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle -to -Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle -to -Everything (V2X), interfaces between central systems and other centres, road infrastructure, and vehicles or other mobile devices, which may entail some combination of wireline and wireless communications.