This chapter sets the scene for a mass-market product by focusing on fibre access technology choices that influence cost and/or service capability. Demand for bandwidth is the key driver for fibre in the access network. Fibre has served the large bandwidth needs of long-haul networks for 20 years. Businesses or buildings, which can concentrate many users' traffic onto a fibre, have also been directly connected. The fibre access systems used have much in common with core transmission techniques such as PDH or SDH and are configured as point-to-point or ring networks. Corporate access customers have traffic concentrations, security and reliability requirements similar to core networks. The big challenge is to solve the problem of the mass-market with the ultimate goal of fibre to the home (FTTH). Green field (new-build) is a key problem area, which gives a focus to the problem of FTTH.