Haloferax mediterranei cells are able to use high nitrate or nitrite concentrations as electron acceptors under anoxic conditions. The nar operon, which has eight open reading frames, has been sequenced and its regulation has been characterized at the transcriptional level. The narG and narH genes encode the Nar (respiratory nitrate reductase) catalytic subunit (NarG) and the electron transfer Nar subunit (NarH) respectively. Nar has been purified and characterized in vitro. This characterization has included protein-film voltammetry and preliminary EPR studies.