A new birefringent Ba2Mg(B3O6)2 (BMBO) crystal with dimensions of 41 × 27 × 9 mm3 has been grown from a stoichiometric melt. The structure of BMBO, determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, demonstrates that it belongs to the rhombohedral space group R with unit cell parameters of a = 7.094(5) A, c = 16.721(15) A and Z = 3. BMBO melts congruently with a melting point of 1000 °C and does not show any phase transitions from room temperature to the melting point. It is found that the BMBO crystal has a wide transmission range (178–3000 nm), large birefringence (Δn = no − ne = 0.2045–0.0767 from 190 nm to 3 μm) and high chemical stability. The BMBO crystal may serve as a unique birefringent crystal for polarizers, beam displacers and beam splitters in the ultraviolet, especially in the deep ultraviolet range.