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Article . 2008
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Dalton Transactions
Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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Tin(iv) catalyzed d-galacturonic acid anomerization

Authors: ROTONDO, Archimede; ROTONDO, Enrico; CASELLA G. A.; GRASSO G.;

Tin(iv) catalyzed d-galacturonic acid anomerization

Abstract

A comparative kinetic study of anomerization between the four main forms (alpha/beta-pyranosides and alpha/beta-furanosides) of D-galacturonic acid (GalAH(2), 1) and tin(IV) complexed D-galacturonate ([Sn(CH(3))(2)(GalA)(H(2)O)(2)], 2) in D(2)O, is reported. Important differences are shown by pD vs. mutarotation rate profiles of 1 and 2. Coordination, in fact, causes: i) a spectacular increase of the rate due to kinetic template assistance of the carboxylic tail holding the metal in close proximity to the reactive centre and ii) a change in the dependence of the rate on the pD. Entropic and enthalpic factors contribute to the huge activation energy decrease in 2. Anomerization rates of the complexed ligand are determined by 2D-EXSY cross-peak integration. Analysis of up to twelve direct and reverse rate constants in the pD range 7.0-2.5 evidences ring size memory, and at least one reaction path which bypasses the aldehydo open chain intermediate. Solvent oxygen atom incorporation into the ligand is, at pH 4.5, about ten fold faster when catalyzed by the metal, and proves that the metal-assisted nucleophilic attack of water on the anomeric carbon atom cannot significantly contribute to mutarotation rates that are thousands of times faster.

Country
Italy
Keywords

Kinetics, Tin(IV)/ NMR kinetic / Galacturonic / 119Sn, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Rotation, Hexuronic Acids, Tin Compounds, NMR spectroscopy; kinetic template effect; galacturonic acid; Tin(IV) catalysis; anomerization, Stereoisomerism, Catalysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Average
Average
Average
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