AbstractNaturalCordycepscollected in Bhutan has been widely used as naturalCordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as naturalC. sinensisremains unknown. Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with naturalC. sinensis. Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan wasC. sinensisand the host insect belonged toHepialidaesp. In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of naturalC. sinensis. All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of naturalC. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas.