AbstractHfq is a RNA-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in the control of gene expression in bacteria by stabilizing sRNAs and facilitating their pairing with multiple target mRNAs. It has already been shown that Hfq, directly or indirectly, interacts with many proteins: RNase E, Rho, poly(A)polymerase, RNA polymerase… In order to detect more Hfq-related protein-protein interactions we have used two approaches, TAP-tag combined with RNase A treatment to access the role of RNA in these complexes, and protein-protein crosslinking, which freezes protein-protein complexes formed in vivo. In addition, we have performed microscale thermophoresis to evaluate the role of RNA in some of the complexes detected and used far-western blotting to confirm some protein-protein interactions. Taken together, the results show unambiguously a direct interaction between Hfq and EF-Tu. However a very large number of the interactions of proteins with Hfq in E. coli involve RNAs. These RNAs together with the interacting protein, may play an active role in the formation of Hfq-containing complexes with previously unforeseen implications for the riboregulatory functions of Hfq.