
pmid: 34471116
pmc: PMC8410835
AbstractLethal hit delivery by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) towards B lymphoma cells occurs as a binary, “yes/no” process. In non-hematologic solid tumors, however, CTL often fail to kill target cells during 1:1 conjugation. Here we describe a mechanism of “additive cytotoxicity” by which time-dependent integration of sublethal damage events, delivered by multiple CTL transiting between individual tumor cells, mediates effective elimination. Reversible sublethal damage includes perforin-dependent membrane pore formation, nuclear envelope rupture and DNA damage. Statistical modeling reveals that 3 serial hits delivered with decay intervals below 50 min discriminate between tumor cell death or survival after recovery. In live melanoma lesions in vivo, sublethal multi-hit delivery is most effective in interstitial tissue where high CTL densities and swarming support frequent serial CTL-tumor cell encounters. This identifies CTL-mediated cytotoxicity by multi-hit delivery as an incremental and tunable process, whereby accelerating damage magnitude and frequency may improve immune efficacy.
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Male, IMPACT, TUMOR-CELLS, Science, General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, Apoptosis, Article, Mice, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Radboudumc 2: Cancer development and immune defence RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, GRANZYME-B, Melanoma, IN-VIVO, DNA-DAMAGE ACCUMULATION, REPAIR, Cell Death, Perforin, INDUCTION, Q, General Chemistry, PERFORIN, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Kinetics, INFILTRATION, PLASMA-MEMBRANE, MCF-7 Cells, Female, DNA Damage, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Male, IMPACT, TUMOR-CELLS, Science, General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, Apoptosis, Article, Mice, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Radboudumc 2: Cancer development and immune defence RIMLS: Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, GRANZYME-B, Melanoma, IN-VIVO, DNA-DAMAGE ACCUMULATION, REPAIR, Cell Death, Perforin, INDUCTION, Q, General Chemistry, PERFORIN, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Kinetics, INFILTRATION, PLASMA-MEMBRANE, MCF-7 Cells, Female, DNA Damage, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
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