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Modern Pathology
Article
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Modern Pathology
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
Data sources: Crossref
Modern Pathology
Article . 2012
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C4d/CD34 double-immunofluorescence staining of renal allograft biopsies for assessing peritubular capillary C4d positivity

Authors: Kuang-Yu, Jen; Thuy B, Nguyen; Flavio G, Vincenti; Zoltan G, Laszik;

C4d/CD34 double-immunofluorescence staining of renal allograft biopsies for assessing peritubular capillary C4d positivity

Abstract

Immunofluorescence detection of the complement split product C4d along peritubular capillaries in renal allograft biopsies is the mainstay for the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection. The extent of peritubular capillary C4d positivity may have significant clinical ramifications; however, peritubular capillary density in the renal cortex is often difficult to assess with single-channel immunofluorescence. In this study, we report a C4d/CD34 double-immunofluorescence staining protocol for renal allograft frozen sections that allows rapid and sensitive detection of C4d positivity, as well as improved accuracy in estimating the C4d-positive fraction of peritubular capillaries. In addition, this method aids in determining whether C4d-positive structures correspond to peritubular capillaries or whether they represent common mimics of peritubular capillaries such as tubular basement membranes. C4d/CD34 double immunofluorescence provides rapid, convenient, and low-cost implementation for laboratories currently utilizing single-channel C4d immunofluorescence.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Biopsy, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Antigens, CD34, Kidney Transplantation, Peptide Fragments, Capillaries, Kidney Tubules, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Complement C4b, Frozen Sections, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, Biomarkers

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    8
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Average
Average
Average
bronze