ACROSS1. In 1981, Jose Diaz Buxo proposed this method of peritoneal dialysis (PD). (4)7. The first successful renal transplant in identical twins was performed by thissurgeon, who shared the Nobel Prize in 1990 with Dr Donnall Thomas. (6)9. This surgeon in Russia did the first human-to-human kidney transplant in 1936.(7)10. One of the first anticoagulants used in dialysis. (7)12. Discovered in 1970, this system was critical in understanding the concept ofrejection. (abbrev) (3)14. The ____ shunt procedure was the first breakthrough in the field of developmentof vascular access. (8)16. Workhorse dialyzer of the 1960s made by this Norwegian using cellophanemembranes. (4)17. _____ and colleagues invented this breakthrough surgical technique in 1966,which led to the creation of the AV fistula. (7)20. The first successful human dialysis was performed in this country in 1945 byWilliam Kolff. (7)22. Major treatment for renal anemia licensed in 1987. (abbrev) (3)23. Umberto Buoncristian invented _______, which was a very valuable contribu-tion to the prevention of peritonitis. (1–6)24. Nils Alwall, in 1947, introduced the concept of ‘controlled’ ______ combinedwith dialysis. (15)25. The word ‘Peritoneum’ means ______. (7)DOWN1. Discovered in 1970 and approved by the FDA for use in 1983, leading tosignificant improvement in allograft survival. (11)2. Early dialysate-regenerating mobile dialysis machine. (abbrev) (4)3. 1913 was the year when this modality was seen in published literature. (8)4. Richard Rubin and Paul __________, in 1956, treated the first patient withchronic PD using this technique. (6)5. This Scottish chemist first described dialysis in 1854 and was considered bysome as the Father of Dialysis. (6)6. The ______ rotating drum kidney passed the practical test under extremeconditions during the Korean War. (12)8. This individual was the first to use peritoneal dialysis in humans in 1923. (6)11. Urine in the blood literally means ____. (6)13. The first family of hollow fiber dialyzer was developed by him in1964. (7)15. Jack Moncrief and Robert Popovich were credited with the development of_______ in Austin, Texas in 1975. (4)16. The first issue of this renal journal was published in January 1972. (abbrev) (2)18. In the year 1962, the first ____ successful kidney transplant. (9)19. Performed first dialysis in humans. (4)21. The city in the USA where the first successful kidney transplant occurred. (6)