A 12-year-old child from Senegal developed nephrotic syndrome without hematuria but with kidney failure (serum creatinine, 1.8 mg/dl), hypertension, and anemia. There were no signs of an inflammatory syndrome or viral infection. Renal biopsy revealed type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents, and, in addition, a marked interstitial inflammation with granulomas (Figure 1), which surrounded the eggs with an apical spine (Figure 2). These findings were consistent with Schistosoma hematobium infection, and antischistosoma treatment with 2 doses of praziquantel (40 mg/ kg1⁄4 1.6 g) (Biltricide) 15 days apart was initiated. Six months later, nephrotic syndrome persisted but renal function improved, with the serum creatinine level at 1.1 mg/dl. Schistosoma mansoni infection has been associated with glomerulonephritis in endemic areas. In contrast, renal lesions associated with Schistosoma hematobium infection are due to the granulomatous response to parasitic antigens and characteristically leads to obstructive and reflux nephropathy. The present case is an unusual example of Schistosoma hematobium infection associated with both immune complex glomerulonephritis and granulomatous interstitial nephritis. n e p h r o l o g y i m a g e http://www.kidney-international.org