After almost 25 years, it is now the XIth Villa Vigoni conference held at Lago di Como in Northern Italy to focus on redox regulation, this time linked to the metabolic syndrome. Villa Vigoni was again an excellent location for scientific discussions given by 24 speakers (Figure 1). Besides Italian and German scientists, for the first time the XIth Villa Vigoni conference turned into a forum for ‘redox enthusiasts' at a European dimension. Figure 1 Redox signals in the metabolic syndrome. The figure summarizes major aspects discussed during the meeting that cover distinct control levels, thus bridging from redox biology to clinical symptoms. See the text for details and abbreviations