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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Naturearrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Nature
Article . 1959 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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The Upper Boundary of the Van Allen Radiation Belts.

Authors: Conway W. Snyder;

The Upper Boundary of the Van Allen Radiation Belts.

Abstract

THREE measurements have now been made of the intensity and extent of the Earth's upper radiation belt and of the primary cosmic-ray intensity beyond. These were made by: (1) the American space probe, Pioneer III (December 6–7, 1958, ref. 1), (2) the Russian cosmic rocket, Mechta (January 2–4, 1959, ref. 2), and (3) the American space probe, Pioneer IV (March 3–6, 1959, ref. 3). Since the radiation belts vary with time, the three experiments give different results for the intensity of the belts, but the measurements of cosmic-ray intensity beyond the belts ought to be comparable. Nevertheless, preliminary results of the Pioneer tests seemed to indicate a difference in cosmic-ray intensity of almost a factor of 2. This communication discusses the resolution of this discrepancy and some new data bearing on the spatial extent of the trapped radiation.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
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