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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Geophysic...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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FORTE radio‐frequency observations of lightning strokes detected by the National Lightning Detection Network

Authors: Abram R. Jacobson; Kenneth L. Cummins; Michael Carter; Phillip Klingner; Diane Roussel‐Dupré; Stephen O. Knox;

FORTE radio‐frequency observations of lightning strokes detected by the National Lightning Detection Network

Abstract

This work compares simultaneous observations of lightning from two complementary systems. FORTE is a low‐Earth‐orbit satellite carrying radiowave and optical instruments for the study of lightning. The radio receivers aboard FORTE observe very high frequency (VHF) emissions from the air‐breakdown process preceding (and sometimes accompanying) a lightning current. The National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) is a ground‐based array of sensors in the contiguous United States observing the low‐frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) radiation from vertical currents. Prior to the launch of FORTE in 1997, essentially no work had been done on the statistical correlations between (1) ground‐based LF/VLF and (2) spaced‐based VHF remote sensing of lightning. During a 6‐month campaign in April‐September 1998, FORTE took most of its triggered VHF data over and near the contiguous United States, and NLDN data were specially postprocessed in a loosened‐criterion mode providing enhanced detection range beyond the coastline and borders of the array itself. The time history of reported events from the two systems was compared, and event pairs (each pair containing one event from FORTE, the other from NLDN) which were candidate correlations (closer than 200 ms from each other) were scrutinized to determine whether the members of a pair actually came from the same discharge process. We have found that there is a statistically significant correlation, for a subset of FORTE events. This correlation is most likely to occur for intracloud and less likely to occur for cloud‐to‐ground discharges. The correlated VHF and NLDN events tend to occur within ±30 μs of each other, after correction for the propagation of the VHF signal to FORTE from the NLDN‐geolocated stroke location. Most correlations outside of ±30 μs turn out to be merely a statistical accident. The NLDN‐furnished geolocation allows the correlated FORTE‐detected VHF pulses to be better interpreted. In particular, we can deduce, from the lag of the VHF ground‐reflection echo, the height of the VHF emission region in the storm.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
53
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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