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Modular Fluorescent-Labeled Siderophore Analogues

Authors: R, Nudelman; O, Ardon; Y, Hadar; Y, Chen; J, Libman; A, Shanzer;

Modular Fluorescent-Labeled Siderophore Analogues

Abstract

Biomimetic analogues 1 of the microbial siderophore (iron carrier) ferrichrome were labeled via piperazine with various fluorescent markers at a site not interfering with iron binding or receptor recognition (compounds 10-12). These iron carriers were built from a tetrahedral carbon symmetrically extended with three strands, each containing an amino acid (G = glycyl, A = alanyl, L = leucyl and P = phenylalanyl) and terminated by a hydroxamic acid, which together define an octahedral iron-binding domain. A fourth exogenous strand provided the site for connecting various fluorescent markers via a short bifunctional linker. Iron(III) titrations, along with fluorescence spectroscopy, generated quenching of fluorescence emission of some of the probes used. The quenching process fits the Perrin model which reinforces the intramolecular quenching process, postulated previously.1 All tested compounds, regardless of their probe size, polarity, or the linker binding them to the siderophore analogue, promote growth of Pseudomonas putida with the same efficacy as the nonlabeled analogues 1, with the added benefit of signaling microbial activity by fluorescence emission. All G derivatives of compounds 10-12 were found to parallel the behavior of natural ferrichrome, whereas A derivatives mediated only a modest iron(III) uptake by P. putida. Incubation of various Pseudomonas strains with iron(III)-loaded G derivatives resulted in the build-up of the labels' fluorescence in the culture medium to a much larger extent than from the corresponding A derivatives. The fluorescence buildup corresponds to iron utilization by the cells and the release of the fluorescent labeled desferrisiderophore from the cell to the media. The fact that the microbial activity of these compounds is not altered by attachment of various fluorescent markers via a bifunctional linker proposes their application as diagnostic tools for detecting and identifying pathogenic microorganisms.

Keywords

Pseudomonas putida, Drug Design, Molecular Mimicry, Iron Chelating Agents, Ferric Compounds, Ferrichrome, Fluorescent Dyes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
102
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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