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Anodic Electrodeposition of Highly Oriented Zirconium Phosphate and Polyaniline-Intercalated Zirconium Phosphate Films

Authors: Takahiro, Takei; Yoji, Kobayashi; Hideo, Hata; Yoshinori, Yonesaki; Nobuhiro, Kumada; Nobukazu, Kinomura; Thomas E, Mallouk;

Anodic Electrodeposition of Highly Oriented Zirconium Phosphate and Polyaniline-Intercalated Zirconium Phosphate Films

Abstract

Films of highly oriented alpha-zirconium phosphate and polyaniline-intercalated zirconium phosphate with controllable thickness in the micrometer range were grown anodically on Pt electrodes. To optimize the electrodeposition conditions, the exfoliation of alpha-zirconium phosphate by tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts was investigated in several nonaqueous solvents. Acetonitrile was found to be the best solvent for making crack-free, oriented films because of its high vapor pressure, low viscosity, and relatively high permittivity. With TBA salts of neutral or weakly acidic anions (TBACl, TBABr, TBAI, TBA(HSO4), or TBA(H2PO4)), full exfoliation did not occur and alpha-zirconium phosphate and/or polyaniline were deposited as rough films. With basic anions (TBAF or TBAOH), dense, adherent films were obtained. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films showed that they were highly oriented along the stacking axis. The thickness could be controlled, up to about 40 microm, by limiting the time of the electrodeposition reaction. At monomer concentrations below 1.0 x 10(-2) mol/dm3, the emeraldine form of the intercalated polymer was obtained. Electrodeposition thus provides a thick film alternative to layer-by-layer assembly for intercalation compounds of alpha-zirconium phosphate with a conducting polymer.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
70
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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