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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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DNA Origami Barcodes for Immunostaining

Authors: Praneetha Sundar Prakash; Foram M. Joshi; Eric Vogelsberg; Glenn A. O. Cremers; Fatih N. Gür; Yusuke Sato; Tom F. A. de Greef; +4 Authors

DNA Origami Barcodes for Immunostaining

Abstract

In histology, immunostaining of biological samples is a gold standard for studying cellular processes, such as the expression of cell surface markers or the cellular uptake of proteins and drug molecules. Immuno-gold labeling is a commonly used technique to achieve nanometer spatial resolution, but simultaneous visualization of multiple antigens in parallel is an unresolved challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a DNA nanotechnology-based approach to label antigens in transmission electron microscopy images of tissue sections with high contrast patterns. For this, we attached gold nanoparticles to designated binding positions on DNA origami structures that act as visual "barcodes." These barcodes are then hybridized to complementary strands of DNA-modified antibodies that are bound to their respective antigens on ultrathin tissue resin sections. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate several types of barcodes and two different antibody labeling techniques that will expand the multiplexing abilities of immunostaining in a highly modular way.

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Keywords

immunostaining, multiplexing, electron microscopy, bioconjugation, Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry, Mice, Gold/chemistry, Immunohistochemistry/methods, Humans, Animals, Nanotechnology, DNA origami, structural DNA nanotechnology, DNA/chemistry, Antibodies/chemistry

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average