At the beginning of this review period a number of arguments were put forward against the neutrino model which became popular in 1980-1983: too high a rate of the structure evolution at the non-linear stage and the same difficulty in the galaxy formation. As a consequence, many other schemes of the structure origin have been elaborated: models with “cold” particles, with unstable missing mass, etc. In these models the missing mass is in the form of weakly interacting particles (axion, photino, gravitino, etc.), or of usual particles (e.g., neutrino) but with properties that are out of the ordinary (e.g. instability). However, the standard neutrino model cannot yet be regarded as rejected, the more so in view of the recent data on the large-scale peculiar velocities.