This chapter examines the legal framework around trafficking in persons with specific reference to the concept of shared responsibility for trafficking-related harm; most particularly, the human rights violations that are integral to the trafficking process and its outcomes. It considers this issue through the lens of two very different scenarios: Trafficking and related exploitation involving two European States (Rantsev scenario); and Trafficking and forced labour involving third-country nationals on foreign flagged fishing vessels operating in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone (Seafarer scenario). The analysis confirms that it is one thing to recognise common obligations and joint conduct giving rise to shared responsibility and quite another to develop responses that address this in a meaningful way. The normative convergence around human trafficking that has emerged over the past decade has not yet led to structures and processes and, most critically, to ways of thinking that give effect to the reality of shared responsibility for trafficking-related harm. As the scenarios selected for this chapter illustrate, the resulting responses are still too often piecemeal and incomplete, failing to meet the broader international goal of ending impunity for traffickers and securing justice for those who have been exploited.