I V caving the Editorial Board of the Journal of AAPOS L after 27 years of service and having the opportunity to contribute an editorial for theJournal presents the temptation to reminisce. But there is a time for dredging up the past and a time for celebrating the future. Better to bend our efforts toward the future. Congenital esotropia is a fitting subject because so many questions about this commonplace entity remain unanswered. Heightened interest in congenital esotropia is manifested by a national collaborative prospective study intended to compare results of very early surgery at 3 months versus early surgery at 6 months. This is a question that was deemed worthy of asking only after first asking and hopefully finding the answer to the question, "What is the natural history of congenital esotropia in the first 7 months of life?" The pivotal question is, does esotropia seen between birth and 4 months resolve spontaneously? With careful observation of these infants another question should be answered: "What is the range of presentation of congenital esotropia?" The study currently ready to begin will follow up patients treated with appropriate surgery until reliable sensory testing can be completed around age 5 years. Results of this study are eagerly awaited by those advocating very early surgery for congenital esotropia. They believe that earlier surgery gives better binocularity as evidenced by higher-grade stereo acuity measured with the random dot stereogram, and this study could test their beliefs. This study could also answer the question, "Who was more nearly correct, Worth or Chavasse?" As an unabashed follower of Claud Worth, I believe that congenital esotropia results from a defect in motor fusion, a condition that is probably not treatable itself. The only available realignment technique with this explanation of congenital esotropia is to modify the end result of imperfect motor control, which in the absence of normal motor fusion reverts in most cases to an esotropia. This esotropia or its cause in turn seems to allow the flood gates of brain stem response to open, causing the variety of