Quarkonium production is a sensitive probe of the dynamics of hard scattering, which can `measure' the environment of the heavy quark pair after it is created in a hard process. Quarkonium hadroproduction data indicates that the produced pair experiences a secondary, hard interaction and then ceases to interact at a stage when the pair is still compact (compared to the size of the quarkonium wave function). These features differ from scenarios mostly discussed so far. An approach which relies on an early, perturbative rescattering of the pair with a comoving color field can explain many observed features, including the polarization, the $\chi_1/\chi_2$ ratio and the nuclear target $A$-dependence, which are difficult to understand otherwise.

Comment: Talk given at the 3rd International Conference on Hyperons, Charm and Beauty Hadrons, Genova, Italy, June 1998. 6 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses Revtex 3.1