The protection of travelers against vaccine-preventable disease is an important part of pre-travel preparation. This review discusses immunizations that should be given as part of routine health maintenance, regardless of whether the individual is traveling. It also covers immunizations that may be required by a country as a condition for entry and those that are recommended because of a risk of acquiring a particular vaccine-preventable illness during travel. Prior to the administration of any of these vaccines, a careful health and immunization history and detailed travel itinerary should be obtained.