Vaginal leiomyoma is uncommon and borderline leiomyoma of the vagina is an extreme rarity. Leiomyoma of the vagina may undergo malignant change to become borderline malignancy or leiomyosarcoma. A 38-year-old woman, complaining of foul vaginal discharge and dyspareunia with 2 months duration, underwent total excision of tumor. The removed tumor was diagnosed as borderline case of leiomyoma histologically. Unfortunately, she had tumor recurrence within 4 months. Thus, it was more likely that the primary diagnosis was incorrect and that the diagnosis leiomyosarcoma has been missed. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy and total vaginectomy. The final diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. Three months later tumor recurred again and re-excision followed by chemotherapy was performed. However, she died of her disease on her 5th month following three courses of chemotherapy.