Publisher Summary Cybernetics is the study of communication and control in machines and living organisms. Biocybernetics is that part of cybernetics in which living organisms are emphasized. In biocybernetics there are two fields which one must distinguish between, even though this distinction cannot be made perfectly sharp. These fields are: neurocybernetics and medical cybernetics. The former is concerned with the pathways of action via sense-organs, neurons and effectors because of the fact that cybernetics is primarily concerned with the construction of theories and models. The symbols and hardware in neurocybernetics resemble more closely the elements of the nervous system and the sense-organs. Cybernetics is not only the study of control and communication in man and machine, but also between man and machine. This volume contains the proceedings of the Symposium on Cybernetics of the Nervous System held at the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences in April 1962.