Reflux esophagitis and its complications are not only common clinical problems but also problems that can be accurately defined by careful history taking and a knowledge of the pathophysiology of the various manifestations. An element of objective assessment, however, is required to define and substantiate fully an individual patient's problem. Only when disabling subjective and intractable objective complications persist after good medical treatment should surgical intervention be considered. Various antireflux procedures are currently available and all can be effective. Surgeons should review their own experiences and make alterations that they perceive will correct the types of problems encountered. In our current technique for the surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux in the common clinical setting, normal esophageal peristalsis is present, the fundus is adequate for plication, and sufficient esophageal mobilization can be effected to permit reduction of the entire stomach and fundoplication below the diaphragm. In addition, the procedure should be restricted to patients who do not have stenosis or have stenosis that can be readily dilated to 50 French.