The surgery for the relief of deafness due to formed became fewer. Stapedectomy, i.e., the otosclerosis has come a long way. It is now removal of the stapes with the replacement of possible to help at least 90 per cent of patients the footplate by a graft of fat, vein, or Geldeafened as the result of otosclerosis. The foam and the prefabricated stainless steel wire impetus for successful restoration of hearing surgically was given when Dr. Julius Lempert developed a one-stage fenestration operation in 1936. The fenestration operation was the only surgical procedure available in the years that followed until 1952, when Dr. Samuel Rosen carried out the mobilization of the stapes, a procedure which could be done through the ear canal trans-tympanically. This operation changed everything, and more and more patients were operated upon. The initial enthusiasm ran high, but many problems occurred; the stapes would refix or the stapes would be fractured at the initial surgery or even avulsed. Soon after, the otologic binocular microscope became available and newer and more sophisticated operations were developed. At one time, I counted thirty-six different technical variations of the initial suris the operation of choice. As more and more otologic surgeons developed skill and experience in this type of surgery, it became possible to improve the percentage of results so that in carefully selected cases, we can help 94.5 per cent of those patients who have otosclerosis back to better hearing. Of a series of 364 patients, all of whom were operated upon and who were more than one year old, 312 or 94.5 per cent had their hearing improved. Twenty-two or 6.04 per cent did not improve, and 4 cases or 1.09 per cent had increased impairment. These results were obtained using the House technique of Gelfoam and prefabricated stainless steel wire. With the use of the Schuknecht fat and wire technique, of 338 cases, 312 cases or 92 per cent improved, 12 cases or 3 per cent did not improve, and 14 cases or