Previous papers from this hospital have reported clinical, neuropathological and other studies on patients subjected to temporal lobectomy for epilepsy (Falconer, Pond, Meyer and Woolf, 1953; Hill, Falconer and Pampiglione, 1953; Meyer, Falconer and Beck, 1954; Mitchell, Falconer and Hill, 1954; Falconer, Hill, Meyer, Mitchell and Pond, 1955; Meyer and Beck, 1955; Meyer and Yates, 1955; Meyer, 1956). The detailed psychiatric changes following temporal lobectomy are the subject of this paper. Apart from individual case studies and short comments, the effects on personality of temporal lobe ablation have not so far been reported.