Measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels has become the most important single clinical test in the screening for prostate cancer. The possibility that prostatic inflammation (even in asymptomatic men) may substantially elevate PSA values is an important clinical problem, especially given the vagaries of prostate cancer screeningwithPSAtesting. 1‐3 Howdoesprostatitis effect PSA values? Does prostatic inflammation in asymptomatic men cause a change in PSA characteristics? Would the description of inflammation on negative (no cancer) prostate biopsies change the need for subsequent biopsies? Should all men be evaluated for asymptomatic inflammation before biopsy? Should men with asymptomatic prostatic inflammation be treated with antibiotics beforeundergoingbiopsy?Wereviewedtheevidence for the relationship between prostatic inflammation and changes in PSA to make some recommendations regarding these important clinical issues.