During genetic information transfer from DNA to protein, gene expression is strictly controlled at several key stages. Post-transcriptional regulation provides a plethora of mechanisms for precise and rapid control of gene expression, ensuring cellular survival and environmental adaptation. Emerging evidence shows that Archaea, the third domain of life, employ diverse post-transcriptional regulation strategies, including distinct RNA-associated proteins and small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs), to control gene expression. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding archaeal post-transcriptional regulation, focusing on processes, mechanisms, and physiological significances, and key elements including sRNAs, 5'- or 3'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs or 3'-UTRs), RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) or chaperones, and ribonucleases, underscoring their crucial roles in optimizing archaeal gene expression for survival and environmental responsiveness.