Cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens on major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules is known to occur via two alternative routes; one involving processing and loading of the antigenic peptides inside a vacuolar compartment, the other requiring processing inside the cytosol and loading to MHC-I in the endoplasmic reticulum. A new pathway has been described recently in which antigens are transported to the cytosol, processed by phagosome-associated proteasomes and returned back to the phagosome for MHC-I loading.