Abstract Senecio brasiliensis aerial parts extracts were obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. The objective was to evaluate the effects of temperature and pressure on the yield, extraction kinetics, and chemical composition. The extractions with SC-CO2 were performed at 15, 20 and 25 MPa, and 40, 50 and 60 °C. Soxhlet method was used as a comparative method to SC-CO2 and the compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sovova’s model was fitted to SC-CO2 extraction data in order to describe the kinetic extraction curves. When using SC-CO2, the highest yield was obtained from leaves (1.76 wt.%) at 25 MPa and 40 °C. The major compounds identified from all matrices were alpha-humulene, germacrene-D, sphathulenol, squalene, tricosane, pentacosane, and dotriacontane. Compounds such as integerrimine, elemene, and caryophyllene were also found in extracts obtained from leaves and flowers. SC-CO2 demonstrated to be an efficient technology for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Senecio brasiliensis.