TLR signaling
Copyright policy )TLR signaling
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family plays an instructive role in innate immune responses against microbial pathogens, as well as the subsequent induction of adaptive immune responses. TLRs recognize specific molecular patterns found in a broad range of microbial pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, triggering inflammatory and antiviral responses and dendritic cell maturation, which result in the eradication of invading pathogens. Individual TLRs interact with different combinations of adapter proteins and activate various transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, activating protein-1 and interferon regulatory factors, driving a specific immune response. This review outlines the recent advances in our understanding of TLR-signaling pathways and their roles in immune responses. Further, we also discuss a new concept of TLR-independent mechanisms for recognition of microbial pathogens.
- Osaka University Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency Japan
Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1, Toll-Like Receptors, NF-kappa B, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Models, Biological, Immunity, Innate, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Mice, Gene Expression Regulation, Interferon Regulatory Factors, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Animals, Humans, Drosophila, RNA Helicases, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Signal Transduction
Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1, Toll-Like Receptors, NF-kappa B, Membrane Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Models, Biological, Immunity, Innate, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Mice, Gene Expression Regulation, Interferon Regulatory Factors, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Animals, Humans, Drosophila, RNA Helicases, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Signal Transduction
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