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Revista Chilena de Pediatría
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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Revista Chilena de Pediatría
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Revista Chilena de Pediatría
Article . 2016
License: CC BY NC ND
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Tratamiento de la enfermedad celíaca. ¿Cómo medir adherencia a la dieta libre de gluten?

Authors: Aranda, Elisa A; Araya, Magdalena;

Tratamiento de la enfermedad celíaca. ¿Cómo medir adherencia a la dieta libre de gluten?

Abstract

ResumenLa enfermedad celíaca (EC) es un trastorno sistémico inmune mediado por la ingesta de gluten en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Se caracteriza por manifestaciones clínicas variables, auto anticuerpos anti-endomisio, anti-transglutaminasa (tTG) y/o anti-péptidos de gliadina deamidados (PGD) en sangre, más daño variable de la mucosa intestinal. En Chile el 0,76% de los mayores de 15 años tiene IgA-tTG positiva y la prevalencia de EC se estima en ∼0,6%. En familiares de primer grado de celíacos se ha identificado ∼17% de casos tTG positivos. Hasta hoy el único tratamiento es la dieta libre de gluten (DLG), que para ser efectiva debe ser estricta, permanente y durante toda la vida. La DLG no contiene cero gluten, sino que lo disminuye hasta un «punto de corte», que en Chile es 3ppm (o mg/kg de producto). La mortalidad de la EC es mayor que la de la población general, y la falta de adherencia al tratamiento se asocia a complicaciones (procesos autoinmunes y cáncer principalmente). La DLG es difícil de mantener estrictamente, y las transgresiones son por lejos la principal causa de falta de respuesta al tratamiento. El seguimiento también es difícil, porque no existen marcadores objetivables que midan la adherencia. En la práctica clínica se utiliza la medición de auto anticuerpos anti-endomisio, tTG y/o PGD; más recientemente se están evaluando las entrevistas por una nutricionista especializada, cuestionarios validados y la medición de péptidos 33-mer en heces como alternativas o complementos de la evaluación de adherencia. En este artículo se revisan las herramientas de seguimiento actualmente utilizadas, poniendo énfasis en aquellas disponibles en Chile.AbstractCoeliac disease (CD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption in genetically susceptible individuals. It exhibits several clinical features, such as blood auto-antibodies (anti-endomysial antibodies EMA, anti-transglutaminase antibodies tTG, anti-deamidated gliadin peptides PGD), plus variable degrees of damage in the small intestinal mucosa. In Chile, tTG is positive in 0.76% in individuals >15 years, with the prevalence of CD being estimated at 0.6%. Approximately17% of first-degree relatives of coeliac patients have been reported tTG positive. To date, the gluten free diet (GFD) is the only known treatment for CD. To be effective, this must be lifelong, permanent, and strict. Gluten content in the GFD is not zero, but is limited to a cut-off of 3ppm (ormg/kg of product) in Chile. Mortality higher than that of the general population has been reported among coeliac patients, and poor adherence to GFD is associated with complications (mainly autoimmune processes and cancer). GFD is difficult to maintain strictly and poor adherence is by far the main cause of lack of response to treatment. Follow-up of adherence is also difficult because there are no objective measurements to assess it. In clinical practice determination of serum EMA, tTG and PGD is routinely used for these purposes, although more recently, the interview by an expert dietitian, validated questionnaires and measurement of faecal 33-mer peptide are being assessed as alternatives or complements to measure adherence to GFD. A review is presented with the current concepts on the available tools to follow up patients on GFD, emphasising those available in Chilel.

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Keywords

Enfermedad celíaca, Coeliac disease, Gluten-free-diet, Follow-up, Dieta libre de gluten, Seguimiento, Adherence, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Adherencia, Gluten

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold
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